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賓語從句的常用用法包括使用that引導(dǎo)的陳述句,例如We knew (that) we should learn from each other,使用if和whether引導(dǎo)一般疑問句,例如Please tell me if。直接引語變成賓語從句是直接引用別人說過的話,間接引語是轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)別人說過的話。
賓語從句即指在主從復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句。賓語從句通常由連詞that和whether (if)以及連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)。賓語從句的詞序要用陳述句詞序,不能用疑問句詞序:
我不知道他想要什么。
誤:I don't know what does he want.
正:I don't know what he wants.
2.賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞(1) 用that引導(dǎo)。that只起引導(dǎo)詞作用,不充當(dāng)句子成分,也沒有詞義,且通?梢允÷裕
We think (that) he will help us. 我們認(rèn)為他會(huì)幫助我們。
He said (that) he was good at English. 他說他擅長(zhǎng)英語。
I know (that) he is very busy. 我知道他很忙。
(2) 用if或whether引導(dǎo)。if和whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句,不充當(dāng)句子成分,但有詞義,表示“是否”:
I don't know if [whether] he will come. 我不知道他是否會(huì)來。
She asked if [whether] that was enough. 她問那是否夠了。
I wonder whether [if] it is true. 我不知道是不是真的。
(3) 用連接代詞引導(dǎo)。常見的引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接代詞有what, who, whom, which, whose等。此時(shí)要特別注意賓語從句用陳述句詞序,而不用疑問句詞序:
Ask him which he wants. 問他要哪一個(gè)。
She asked who would like to go. 她問誰愿意去。
Tell me whose wallet this is. 告訴我這是誰的錢包
【注】what引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),有時(shí)表示“什么”,有時(shí)表示“…所…的”。比較:
I asked what he needed. 你問他需要什么。
I gave him what he needed. 我給了他所需要的東西。
(4) 用連接副詞引導(dǎo)。常見的引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接副詞有when, how, where, why等。此時(shí)要特別注意賓語從句用陳述句詞序,而不用疑問句詞序:
He knows where they live. 他知道他們住哪里。
Tell us how you are getting on now. 告訴我們你現(xiàn)在過得怎樣?
I can't tell you why she is crying. 我不能告訴你她為什么哭。
He didn't say when he would return. 他沒有說什么時(shí)候回來。
3.賓語從句與形式賓語it當(dāng)賓語從句后跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),通常在賓語從句處使用形式賓語it,而將真正的賓語從句移至句末:
I think it best that you should stay here. 我認(rèn)為你最好住這兒。
He hasn't made it known when he is going to get married. 他還沒宣布他何時(shí)結(jié)婚。
4.賓語從句與否定轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)動(dòng)詞think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 后接一個(gè)表示否定意義的賓語從句時(shí),其否定通常轉(zhuǎn)移到主語:
I don't think that he will leave. 我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)離開。
I don't believe that it is easy. 我相信這不會(huì)容易。
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